Ever get stuck trying to give the right consequences to your young child or toddler? Know that whether they’re 18 months or five years old, you should always try to do the following three things when giving consequences:

• Instruct your child appropriately

• Work to understand their temperament

• Help your child learn from their inappropriate behavior

Remember, teaching accountability by giving consequences can start at the beginning, when your child is still small — in fact, it’s one of the most important things you could ever teach them. The key is to do it as effectively as possible!

Here is one simple rule of thumb: When instructing your child, use a matter-of-fact tone. It’s hard for children to pay attention to exactly what you’re saying when they sense that you’re upset or angry.  Besides, you want to model the behavior you want them to learn.  Give instructions in such a way that it tells the child that you expect them to master self-control at some point.  Experiencing a consequence in the moment is important for this age, but take time to calm down first if you’re feeling frustrated.

If you find yourself at odds with your child a lot, maybe scratching your head and wondering where they’re coming from, take a minute to consider their temperament. It may be different from yours. Notice your child’s attention span, activity level, how they react toward people or any sensitivity to their environment, and pay attention to their moods and the intensity of their emotional responses. Here are some examples of things to look for:

• Really energetic kids may have a hard time stopping themselves, could be more impulsive and will need a lot of “hands-on” coaching from parents.

• Children who are withdrawn may need more encouragement and time to respond, and might rebel if pushed. They may also need tasks broken down for them: “Here’s what to do first. Now do this.”

• Emotionally sensitive kids may feel too responsible or overwhelmed.  Make sure you’re focusing on behavior and skills and not “why” they did something inappropriate.

• Environmentally sensitive kids need to have the over-stimulation reduced.  When they’re over-stimulated, they might not hear you when you’re talking to them. They might do best after taking a calming time-out.

• Those with short attention spans might have trouble carrying out a request with a lot of steps. Break the request down to one instruction at a time for them.

It’s very important to understand your child’s temperament along with their skill level.  James Lehman says, “Start where your child is at and coach them forward.” This means you should try to understand their capacities and challenge them to do just a little bit better. For example, one of the best ways to help them learn skills is to do tasks with them. Also, it’s important to realize that it’s not necessary at this age to require a child to do their “chore” on their own.

Most of the time, when your young child is acting out or behaving inappropriately, just redirecting them will be enough. If the child clearly understands that the behavior is not acceptable and yet does it anyway, try to keep the consequence directly related to the behavior. Consequences that are too harsh or that take away an unrelated possession or privilege will not help your child understand the connection between what he has done and the consequence.

To increase your child’s understanding, connect his behavior to a result or a consequence with the words you use when correcting him.  “If you keep throwing that toy, it will break and you won’t have it to play with anymore.”  [Consequence: time-out the toy.] Here are some other examples of appropriate consequences — and how to give them:

• “If you can’t calm yourself down, you’re going to have to go to your room and rest for awhile. You can calm down in there.”

• “If you don’t help clean up, it will take longer and we won’t have as much time to play.”

• “You could get hurt. I’m going to stop you from doing that.”

Giving consequences to a young child and holding them accountable takes a lot of energy and patience, because your child will need a lot of rehearsal and repetition at this young age to learn to cope with his feelings and master skills. But take heart — you will eventually be rewarded with better behavior!

Carole Banks is a Parental Support Line Advisor for the Total Transformation Program. If you are a Total Transformation customer, you can access the Parental Support Line for help with challenges you’re experiencing with your child. Read the complete bios of all our contributors and parent bloggers here.